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Table 3: Carpentry Details of Tree-ring Dated Late 12th/early 13th Century Aisled Halls | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
Tree-ring felling date |
Type of building |
Arcade braces |
Central Truss Braces |
Passing Braces |
Notched Lap Joints |
Scarf joint |
Jowls or upstands |
Tie-beam dovetail |
Rafter collar assemby | |||||||||||
|
Shape |
Braces mortised or lapped |
V' Mortise |
Across Nave |
Across Aisles |
Centre & end trusses |
Unrefined (U) Refined (R) Secret (S) |
(normal assembly unless otherwise stated) |
|||||||||||||
|
1167 |
-1185 |
Fyfield Hall, Essex |
aisled hall |
c.1400 braces form pointed arched |
mortised |
Two sets of passing braces - no other braces |
Yes |
Probably |
Probably only in centre truss |
U |
none |
rear upstands |
housed dovetail with square entrance shoulder |
housed barefaced dovetail | ||||||
|
1176 |
-1221 |
Knights Templars' Hall, Temple Balsall, W Midlands |
aisled hall |
Straight |
mortised |
Yes |
passing plus straight braces to tie |
Yes |
No |
All trusses |
R |
short through edge splayed & tabled |
rear upstands - arcade posts tapper up to top |
barefaced 'V' dovetail in tie, strainer beam below |
housed refined notched lap | |||||
|
1179 |
Bishops Palace, Hereford |
aisled hall with clerestorey |
Semi-circular arch |
lapped |
curved |
No |
None |
- |
none |
? |
? |
? | ||||||||
|
1184 |
-1219 |
Westwick Cottage, Leverstock Green, Hemel Hemstead, Herts |
aisled hall |
Straight |
mortised |
Yes |
Only passing braces |
Yes |
No |
In centre & spere, not in end truss |
U |
none |
rear upstands |
through barefaced dovetail | ||||||
|
1182 |
-1227 |
Newbury Farmhouse, Tonge, Kent |
aisled hall |
Semi-circular arch |
mortised |
No |
Semi-circular and passing braces |
Yes |
Yes |
only centre truss |
None |
none |
rear upstands |
mortised | ||||||
|
1205 |
Sycamore Frm, Long Crendon, Bucks |
aisled hall - possibly rebuilt 14th century of reused timber |
curved |
lapped |
no |
none |
Yes |
no |
in both surviving trusses |
U/R |
none |
rear upstands |
? |
through halving | ||||||
|
1205 |
-1230 |
Barley Barn, Cressing, Essex |
Barn |
Straight |
mortised |
Yes |
each truss - passing and straight braces to tie |
Yes |
Yes |
All trusses |
R |
none |
none - arcade posts tapper up to top |
through bare-faced dovetail with splayed entry shoulder |
unrefined through notched lap | |||||
|
1220 |
-1225 |
Harlowbury Hall, Harlow, Essex |
aisled hall of Bury St Edmunds Abbey |
Probably straight |
mortised |
? |
passing and probably straight braces to tie |
Yes |
Un-certain |
only centre truss |
All |
Edged halved; |
rear upstands |
housed dovetail, some with square entry shoulder |
mortised | |||||
|
No heartwood/sapwood boundary | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
after |
1159 |
Burmington Manor, Warwickshire |
aisled hall with stone walls & one crosswing |
Semi-circular |
lapped |
No |
Probably semi-circular & passing braces |
Yes |
No |
In end & centre truss |
U |
none |
none |
housed notched lap | ||||||